Chromium is a actinic aspect which has the attribute Cr and diminutive amount 24. It is the aboriginal aspect in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, harder metal that takes a top brightness and has a top melting point. It is aswell odorless, tasteless, and malleable. The name of the aspect is acquired from the Greek chat "chrōma" (χρ?μα), acceptation colour, because abounding of its compounds are acutely coloured. Chromium oxide was acclimated by the Chinese in the Qin absolutism over 2,000 years ago to covering weapons such as brownish crossbow bolts and animate swords begin at the Terracotta Army. It afterwards came to the absorption of the West if it was apparent by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in the mineral crocoite (lead(II) chromate) in 1797. Crocoite was acclimated as a pigment, and afterwards the analysis that the mineral chromite aswell contains chromium, this mineral was acclimated to aftermath pigments as well.
Chromium was admired with abundant absorption because of its top bane attrition and hardness. A above development was the analysis that animate could be fabricated awful aggressive to bane and birthmark by abacus chromium to anatomy stainless steel. This application, forth with chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) are currently the highest-volume uses of the metal. Chromium and ferrochromium are produced from the individual commercially applicable ore, chromite, by silicothermic or aluminothermic acknowledgment or by baking and leaching processes.
Chromium metal larboard continuing in air is passivated by oxygen, basic a attenuate careful oxide apparent layer. This band is a spinel anatomy alone a few atoms thick. It is actual dense, and prevents the circulation of oxygen into the basal material. This barrier is in adverse to adamant or apparent carbon steels, area the oxygen migrates into the basal actual and causes rusting. The passivation can be added by abbreviate acquaintance with acerbic acids like nitric acid. Passivated chromium is abiding adjoin acids. The adverse aftereffect can be accomplished by analysis with a able abbreviation abettor that destroys the careful oxide band on the metal. Chromium metal advised in this way readily dissolves in anemic acids.
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