How to get High purity Niobium (Nb) target?

Niobium or columbium, is a actinic aspect with the attribute Nb and diminutive amount 41. It is a soft, grey, adaptable alteration metal, which is generally begin in the pyrochlore mineral, the capital bartering antecedent for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: Niobe, babe of Tantalus.
Niobium has concrete and actinic backdrop agnate to those of the aspect tantalum, and the two are accordingly difficult to distinguish. The English chemist Charles Hatchett appear a new aspect agnate to tantalum in 1801 and called it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston abominably assured that tantalum and columbium were identical. The German chemist Heinrich Rose bent in 1846 that tantalum ores accommodate a additional element, which he called niobium. In 1864 and 1865, a alternation of accurate allegation antiseptic that niobium and columbium were the aforementioned aspect (as acclaimed from tantalum), and for a aeon both names were acclimated interchangeably. The name of the aspect was clearly adopted as niobium in 1949.
Niobium was not until the aboriginal 20th aeon that niobium was aboriginal acclimated commercially. Brazil is the arch ambassador of niobium and ferroniobium, an admixture of niobium and iron. Niobium is acclimated mostly in alloys, the better allotment in appropriate animate such as that acclimated in gas pipelines. Although alloys accommodate alone a best of 0.1%, that baby allotment of niobium improves the backbone of the steel. The temperature adherence of niobium-containing superalloys is important for its use in jet and rocket engines. Niobium is acclimated in assorted superconducting materials. These superconducting alloys, aswell absolute titanium and tin, are broadly acclimated in the superconducting magnets of MRI scanners. Other applications of niobium cover its use in welding, nuclear industries, electronics, optics, numismatics and jewelry. In the endure two applications, niobium's low toxicity and adeptness to be black by anodization are accurate advantages.
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