Methyl vegetable oil acid ester is light yellow oil liquid. The saponification value is 185-195mgKOH/g . It is also used in organic synthesis, auxiliary for light textile, oil product additives etc. It is good natural fatty acid methyl ester which are widely used in cosmetics and detergent and armoa and fragrance etc.
The transesterification of vegetable oil with short-chain alcohols, in the presence of base-catalyst, by means of low frequency ultrasound (28 and 40 kHz) in order to obtain biodiesel fuel was studied. By using ultrasounds the reaction time is much shorter (10-40 min) than for mechanical stirring. This decreased lubricity poses a significant problem as it may lead to wear and damage of diesel engines, primarily fuel injection systems. The quantity of required catalyst is 2 or 3 times lower. The molar ratio of alcohol/oil used is only 6:1. Normal chain alcohols react fast, while secondary and tertiary alcohols show some or no conversion after 60 min of reaction.
Previous studies on castor oil suggest that its uniquely high level of the hydroxy fatty acid ricinoleic acid may impart increased lubricity to the oil and its derivatives as compared to other vegetable oils. Surprisingly, 40 kHz ultrasounds are much more effective in the reduction of the reaction time (10-20 min). Twenty eight kilohertz give slightly better yields (98-99%), but longer reaction time, while higher frequencies are not useful at all for the transesterification of fatty acids. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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